Large Intestine: Neutropenic Enterocolitis

Neutropenic Enterocolitis

Basics

  • Also Called: Necrotizing Enterocolitis & Ileocecal Syndrome
    • Typhlitis – Neutropenic Enterocolitis of the Ileocecal Region
  • Definition: Inflammation of the GI Tract in Neutropenic Patients
  • Caused by Neutropenia & Mucosal Injury from Chemo/Cytotoxic Medications
    • Often Seen After Chemo with Neutrophil Nadir
  • Can Be Life-Threatening

Symptoms

  • Abdominal Pain
  • Distention
  • Fever
  • Nausea & Vomiting
  • Bloody Diarrhea

Diagnosis

  • Dx: CT

Treatment

  • Tx: Conservative Management (Bowel Rest, IV Fluids & ABX)
  • Symptoms Improve with Increase in WBC & Resolution of Neutropenia
  • Rule Out Abscess if in Anus
  • Surgical Resection Indications:
    • Perforation
    • Peritonitis
    • Severe Hemorrhage

Neutropenic Enterocolitis 1

References

  1. Machado NO. Neutropenic enterocolitis: A continuing medical and surgical challenge. N Am J Med Sci. 2010 Jul;2(7):293-300. (License: CC BY-NC-SA-3.0)